Spain is among the countries that refused to allow its bases and airspace to be used for attacks against Iran. The US operates two major military installations there — the Rota naval base and the Morón air base.

In recent weeks, President Donald Trump’s administration has repeatedly criticized allies for their approach, particularly for not sending naval forces to help secure the Strait of Hormuz. Trump has also previously raised the possibility of the United States withdrawing from NATO, although the source said such a move is not part of the current proposals under discussion.

European countries, including Britain and France, have argued that joining a US naval blockade would amount to direct participation in the war. However, they have said they would be willing to help protect navigation in the area after a possible ceasefire.

According to the Pentagon, the proposed measures are intended to send a signal about the need for greater allied involvement in joint operations. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said the conflict had shown how the alliance functions in a crisis.

(reuters, mja)